Speech Associates of New York

Asperger Syndrome: How a Speech-Language Pathologist Can Help

Corporate Speech Solutions — Thu, 23 Feb 2012 07:22:09 +0000

Last week we discussed some of the basics of Asperger syndrome, a type of disorder on the autistic spectrum that can affect social functioning. Since those affected by Asperger syndrome typically have no difficulty with language skills per se, it might seem odd that a speech-language pathologist may be involved in therapy. However, there are several aspects of this disorder which may affect communication as a whole, and can be improved with the help of professional speech-language therapy.

One common difficulty for those who have Asperger syndrome is issues with non-verbal communication. It’s been said that up to 80% of communication is accomplished non-verbally. Gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, and many other aspects of non-verbal communication play a very significant role in how we express ourselves and understand others. Those who have Asperger syndrome often have difficulty mastering these forms of communication, as well as recognizing them in others. This can make day-to-day interactions difficult and pave the way for misunderstandings, miscommunications, and social difficulties. By working with a speech-language pathologist, those with Asperger syndrome can increase their awareness of these actions in others, and improve their ability to interpret them. In addition, they may learn ways to incorporate non-verbal communication skills into their own speech if they so choose.

Another aspect of Asperger syndrome that speech-language pathologists can affect is social thinking. Many people with Asperger syndrome do not innately grasp and utilize unspoken social “rules” that others take for granted. Next week, we’ll take a look at an article outlining how “social thinking” ability can be increased in children with Asperger syndrome to help ease functioning in school and at home.

If you or someone you love has a problem with speech, language, or communication, contact Speech Associates of NY today for an evaluation. One of our trained and certified speech-language pathologists can help you on the road to better speech and communication. Call us at 917-841-2965 or visit us on the web: www.speechassociatesofny.com

Asperger Syndrome

Corporate Speech Solutions — Thu, 16 Feb 2012 23:32:57 +0000

Asperger syndrome is a fairly new diagnosis, having first been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1994. While Asperger syndrome has gained a significant amount of attention in recent years, misconceptions and myths about the disorder are unfortunately common.

Asperger syndrome is often referred to as “high-functioning autism.” The two disorders do have several areas of overlap, most notably difficulty with social interaction and restrictive, repetitive interests and behaviors. However, Asperger syndrome differs from other disorders on the autistic spectrum in some important ways. Most notably, Asperger syndrome, unlike other forms of autism, is generally not accompanied by delayed or disordered language. On the contrary, many people with Asperger syndrome present with verbal expression as a strength and have quite eloquent speech. Likewise, cognition is typically intact, with intelligence generally being rated as average or above average on traditional measures of intelligence.

The most noticeable effect of Asperger syndrome is significant difficulty in social interaction. Those who have the syndrome often demonstrate a lack of empathy and emotional reciprocity. Difficulty with non-verbal forms of communication is also common. This can include eye contact, facial expression, and gesture. Another hallmark of Asperger syndrome is restricted behavior, interests, and activities. Often an individual with Asperger syndrome will display one or two very specific interests which they may become absorbed in to the exclusion of other interests or activities. These interests tend to be atypically narrow and focused, for example the names of stars or information about car engines, and often dominate social interactions.

Because language difficulties are not typically a part of Asperger syndrome, it may seem odd for people with this disability to seek the services of a speech-language pathologist. However, there are many aspects of social interaction and communication that can be greatly improved with the help of professional speech and language therapy. Stay tuned: next week we’ll discuss some of the specific ways a speech-language pathologist may provide services to individuals with Asperger syndrome.

FAQs: Speech and Language Delays

Corporate Speech Solutions — Thu, 09 Feb 2012 19:08:41 +0000

While every child develops language at his or her own pace, sometimes speech and language may seem to be lagging further behind in a child’s development than is typical. To learn more about speech and language delays, read the following frequently asked questions:

What causes a language delay?

While some language delays have specific causes—hearing loss, brain injury, intellectual disability—the causes of many are unclear. Specific language impairment (SLI) refers to a delay in language development in which the child is typically developing in all other aspects. Often, there is no apparent cause for SLI. Many children with SLI seem to have typical language development, only occurring later than expected. Others continue to have difficulty with language throughout childhood. It is difficult to predict how SLI will progress for any particular child. However, working with a speech-language pathologist can help a child to develop language, especially when implemented early.

What can a speech-language pathologist do?

Speech and language therapists can help facilitate language development in young children presenting with delays. The speech-language therapist will determine the current communicative level of the child. They will take into consideration not only spoken language, but how much language the child understands and the use of non-verbal communication skills such as gestures. The speech therapist will then work to stimulate language development, using the child’s current skills as a starting point. Depending on the child’s level, a speech-language therapist may begin with rudimentary skill such as babbling, vocalizing, or using gestures.

If I think my child has delayed speech and language, should I seek out services immediately, or take a “wait and see” approach until I’m sure?

If you suspect your child has a speech or language delay, obtaining an evaluation by a speech-language pathologist is generally recommended. If it turns out that your child is not delayed, a professional evaluation can help to ease fears. If a delay is detected, it is best to start therapy as early as possible to help to stimulate language development.

Augmentative and Alternatve Communication: Part 3

Corporate Speech Solutions — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 00:28:10 +0000

Over the past two weeks we’ve discussed augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices, means of communication used by individuals who lack the ability to communicate effectively through speech. In our most recent blog, we discussed the different ways in which the user can operate the AAC device to choose what they want to say. Today, we’ll take a look at the different ways that AAC devices can represent the thoughts and ideas of the user to others.

Many AAC devices allow the user to communicate in their own words by allowing them to select letters and words to create sentences. Often, text-predictive software is used, making it easier for a user to complete text efficiently. The user’s writing can then be read by those with which he or she is communicating. Some high-tech AAC devices translate the user’s selected ideas, words, and phrases into computerized speech. These are known as speech generating devices (SGDs) or voice output communication aids (VOCAs).

Other devices allow the user to choose from predetermined symbols and pictures rather than text. These can be very literal, pictorial representations of an idea (e.g., a picture of a boy sleeping for “I’m tired”) or more abstract symbols. A commonly-used example of the latter is Blissymbols, Blissymbols is a system of visual communication consisting of several hundred somewhat abstract symbols which represent various concepts. These can be combined along with grammatical indicators to convey thoughts and ideas.

AAC users have been found to have more fulfilling interpersonal interactions and a greater variety of life activities. However, learning to use an AAC device can be a difficult task. A speech-language pathologist can help an individual make the transition to AAC use, and can provide insight and training into how to use the device to most effectively communicate with others. Through strategies and practice, the speech-therapist can help the AAC user learn to communicate with those around them and lead a fuller communicative life.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Part 2

Corporate Speech Solutions — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:59:42 +0000

Last week we discussed augmentative and alternative communication (AAC); means of communication, other than speech, which are used by many individuals who have lost the ability to communicate by conventional means. Today we’ll take a look at some of the more common types of AAC devices available.

AAC devices cover a wide range of types and levels of technology, ranging from something as high-tech as theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking’s cheek-operated, text-predictive electronic voice synthesizer, to something as simple as a pen and paper. However, these devices can be separated into groups based on two basic aspects: how the devices are operated by the user, and how thoughts and ideas are represented to others.

AAC operation can be divided into two broad categories: direct selection and scanning. Direct selection allows an individual to choose a word, picture or letter from a presented series by directly pointing to it. The ways in which this is accomplished are as varied as the people who use these devices. Those who are able may simply use their finger or other body part. Those with more involved physical impairments need to use more novel levels of indicating their choice. This can include something as simple as a stick placed in the mouth or attached to headgear, or something as technologically involved as a beam of light or a device that can track eye movement.

Scanning is a slightly different process. Rather than directly indicating a choice, choices are presented and highlighted, one at a time. This is often done with electronic devices in which options are individually lit up. When the user’s desired choice is highlighted, he or she activates a switch to select that choice. As with direct selection, the type of switch used is based on the physical abilities and limitations of the user. Switches may be operated with a finger, head movement, or even a blink of an eye.

No matter how an AAC device is operated, users often benefit from the services of a speech-language pathologist. The speech therapist will help the user select the type of device that is right for them, and then set up therapy helping them to use the device in the most efficient, socially-friendly way possible.

Stay tuned: next week we’ll continue our discussion and look into the different ways in which AAC devices present the thoughts and ideas of the user to others.

Let us know what you think. Do you or someone you love use augmentative and alternative communication? How has the device affected your life? Join the conversation by sharing your story below in the comments section.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication

Corporate Speech Solutions — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:19:25 +0000

The goal of a speech-language pathologist is to help their clients communicate to the best of their ability. However, in some cases, communication solely in the traditional sense of speaking is no longer an option. In these situations, a speech therapist may suggest the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).

AAC includes any method of communication besides speech. We all use forms of AAC on a regular basis: gestures, facial expressions, etc. But for those who have lost the ability to communicate fully due to a disorder or disability, AAC may be their only method of communication.

The types of AAC available are as diverse as the people that use them. With the constant advancement of technology, there are many high-tech AAC devices available. These often utilize computers to allow the user to communicate their ideas and thoughts via pictures, words, or computerized speech. However, there are many low-tech or “no-tech” forms of AAC as well, including picture and letter boards, and gestural language, such as American Sign Language.

In order to determine if a person may benefit from the use of AAC, a team-evaluation approach is used. These teams often include physicians, speech-language pathologists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, social workers, and other professionals along with the potential AAC user and his or her family. Together, they will decide if AAC is the right course of action and, if so, which type of AAC is right for the individual.

Check in with us next week, when we’ll discuss some of the common types of AAC available and how a speech-language pathologist can help a person adapt. In the meantime, if you or someone you love may benefit from the use of AAC or the services of a speech-language pathologist, visit our website, www.speechassociatesofny.com or give us a call at 917-841-2965 and let us help you find a speech-language pathologist who is right for you.

Do you or someone you love use augmentative and alternative communication? Join the conversation by sharing your story below in the comments section.

How Does Aging Affect Communication?

Corporate Speech Solutions — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 01:56:18 +0000

Senior citizens represent the fastest growing segment of the population in the United States. Unfortunately, aging can bring the increased likelihood of disorders that affect speech, language, and communication. What are some common communication disorders that can affect the elderly?

Hearing Impairment: An estimated 40% of individuals over the age of 75 experience significant hearing loss. Left untreated, this can severely impact a person’s ability to communicate effectively and connect with others.

Stroke: Stroke victims may experience impairments in both speech and language following their accident. These effects can vary in severity and may last a lifetime.

Swallowing Difficulties; Problems with swallowing can arise from a number of conditions, including neurological diseases like Parkinson’s or brain damage resulting from a stroke. Difficulty swallowing increases the person’s risk of developing aspiration pneumonia or choking while eating.

Dementia: Many senior citizens develop dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease or other age-related factors. This not only affects a person’s ability to communicate, but can create issues in their day-to-day functioning and safety.

While communication disorders associated with aging can’t be prevented entirely, the services of a speech-language pathologist, or speech therapist, can help. Speech-language pathologists are able to provide therapy in swallowing, communication, speech, and language. Improving or maintaining an individual’s ability to communicate with others can greatly increase their quality of life.

Remember: early intervention is key to recovering and maintaining communication skills. If you or someone you know is experiencing difficulty with speech, language, communication, or swallowing, contact us at 917-841-2965 or visit our website at www.speechassociatesofny.com and let one of our trained and certified speech-language pathologists help you communicate better and live life to the fullest.

The Effects of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Corporate Speech Solutions — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 07:04:18 +0000

Last week we discussed the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s campaign to prevent noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL): Listen to Your Buds. The campaign focuses on how listening to personal music devices through headphones can result in permanent hearing damage, and increasing problem with youth in the United States. Today, we’ll take a closer look at what noise-induced hearing loss is, and the effect it can have on someone’s life.

What exactly is noise-induced hearing loss? Our inner ear contains tiny structures called hair cells that allow us to hear sound. These cells change the air vibrations that we hear as sound into electrical signals so our brain can perceive them. When exposed to noise at a high volume, over time these hair cells can become damaged, causing noise-induced hearing loss.

What does noise-induced hearing loss sound like? NIHL doesn’t damage hearing evenly across all sounds; higher-pitched sounds are affected more so than lower-pitched sounds. Because many sounds of human speech occur at higher frequencies (like s, th, ch, and f), this will make speech sound distorted. This can make understanding what others say extremely challenging, and can create communication gaps when trying to speak with others, especially if you are unfamiliar with the speaker or topic.

What can we do about noise-induced hearing loss? Unfortunately, the damage done to hair cells in NIHL is permanent. There currently exists no rehab, therapy, or surgery to fix NIHL. However, it is entirely preventable. Simply avoid exposure to loud noise, especially for long periods of time. Keep the volume of your personal music at a low level, and wear ear-plugs or other protection when you know you’ll be exposed to high volumes, like at rock concerts.

Has your life been affected by noise-induced hearing loss? Share your story with us in the comments section!

Do you or someone you know suffer from noise-induced hearing loss? Contact Speech Associates of NY and find out how a speech-language pathologist can help you to communicate your best despite your hearing impairment. Call us at 917-841-2965 or visit us on the web at www.speechassociatesofny.com.

Listen to Your Buds!

Corporate Speech Solutions — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 03:30:04 +0000

Nearly every kid and teenager in America spends a good amount of their free time listening to music on their MP3 player. But did you know that listening to music at too high of a level can cause permanent noise-induced hearing loss? As kids and teens spend more and more time listening to music, noise-induced hearing loss is becoming a bigger and bigger problem. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association has launched a campaign to bring attention to this important issue: Listen to your Buds.

The Listen to your Buds campaign seeks to inform the general public, and especially young people, about the dangers of listening to music at too high of a level. Did you know…

…ownership of MP3 players among children has increased from 18% to 76% in just the past 5 years?

…children ages 8–18 devote an average of more than 7 hours to using entertainment media? That’s more than 53 hours a week!

Hearing loss can severely impact a child’s communication skills and quality of life. Help prevent unnecessary hearing loss by spreading the word! Take a look at www.listentoyourbuds.org and take a moment to forward the message to your friends and family.

If you are having difficulty with speech, language or communication of any type, don’t wait: find a speech-language pathologist to help! Visit our website at www.speechassociatesofny.com to see how one of our trained and certified speech-language specialists can help you get on the road to better communication.

Cleft Palate: How you can help!

Corporate Speech Solutions — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 20:42:26 +0000

In last week’s blog, we talked about cleft palates, and how they affect a child’s speech and language development. In the US, most cleft palates are treated with surgery in a child’s early life, and most go on to live completely normal lives. Unfortunately, in developing countries, the outlook isn’t as good. Many families in these countries do not have the money or access to health care required to surgically fix their child’s cleft palate. This can result in the child growing up with severe difficulties eating and speaking. Depending on the culture of the country, many of these children are not allowed to attend school and will never marry or hold a job.

What can you do to help? Smile Train is a charity which provides free cleft palate surgeries to children in developing countries. The organization trains and educates local doctors to perform cleft surgeries, ensuring more children have access to the surgery that they need so badly. Over the past 12 years, Smile Train has provided 700,000 free cleft surgeries to children around the world. If you’d like to donate, visit Smile Train’s website at www.smiletrain.org. Just two hundred and fifty dollars covers an entire surgery for one child with cleft palate; however, you can donate as much or as little as you’d like. Check it out today, and find out how you can make a difference.